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This Special Issue contains ten papers which focus on emerging geophysical techniques for mineral exploration, novel modeling, and interpretation methods, including joint inversions of multi physics data, and challenging case studies. The papers cover a wide range of mineral deposits, including banded iron formations, epithermal gold–silver–copper–iron–molybdenum deposits, iron-oxide–copper–gold deposits, and prospecting forgroundwater resources.

Research & information: general --- geophysical electromagnetic modelling --- CSAMT --- CSRMT --- CSEM --- linear slip model --- grid-characteristic method --- elastic waves --- modeling and inversion --- seismic methods --- Zhuxi ore deposit --- control source --- dense array --- body wave tomography --- 3D focusing migration --- regularization --- conjugate migration direction --- fast imaging --- skarn-type iron deposits --- Gadarwara --- central India --- mineralization --- IOCG --- Narmada-Son-Lineament --- Magnetic anomaly --- preconditioned jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method --- undulating terrain --- gravity focusing density inversion --- adaptive equivalent-dimension --- polymetallic minerals --- unstructured mesh and structured mesh --- inversion --- induced polarization --- electromagnetics --- three-dimensional --- effective medium --- discovery --- phosphate mines --- geophysical exploration --- hydrogeology --- phosphate extraction --- gantour Basin --- Ouled Abdoun Basin --- Morocco --- iron deposit --- mineral exploration --- transient electromagnetic method --- magnetotelluric method --- single point continuous motion detection --- gravity --- magnetics --- magnetization vector --- remanent magnetization --- joint inversion --- n/a

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Teeming with weird and wonderful life--giant clams and mussels, tubeworms, "eyeless" shrimp, and bacteria that survive on sulfur--deep-sea hot-water springs are found along rifts where sea-floor spreading occurs. The theory of plate tectonics predicted the existence of these hydrothermal vents, but they were discovered only in 1977. Since then the sites have attracted teams of scientists seeking to understand how life can thrive in what would seem to be intolerable or extreme conditions of temperature and fluid chemistry. Some suspect that these vents even hold the key to understanding the very origins of life. Here a leading expert provides the first authoritative and comprehensive account of this research in a book intended for students, professionals, and general readers. Cindy Lee Van Dover, an ecologist, brings nearly two decades of experience and a lively writing style to the text, which is further enhanced by two hundred illustrations, including photographs of vent communities taken in situ. The book begins by explaining what is known about hydrothermal systems in terms of their deep-sea environment and their geological and chemical makeup. The coverage of microbial ecology includes a chapter on symbiosis. Symbiotic relationships are further developed in a section on physiological ecology, which includes discussions of adaptations to sulfide, thermal tolerances, and sensory adaptations. Separate chapters are devoted to trophic relationships and reproductive ecology. A chapter on community dynamics reveals what has been learned about the ways in which vent communities become established and why they persist, while a chapter on evolution and biogeography examines patterns of species diversity and evolutionary relationships within chemosynthetic ecosystems. Cognate communities such as seeps and whale skeletons come under scrutiny for their ability to support microbial and invertebrate communities that are ecologically and evolutionarily related to hydrothermal faunas. The book concludes by exploring the possibility that life originated at hydrothermal vents, a hypothesis that has had tremendous impact on our ideas about the potential for life on other planets or planetary bodies in our solar system.

Hydrothermal vent ecology. --- Antarctic Bottom Water. --- Aquaculture. --- Axial Seamount. --- Bacteria. --- Bathing. --- Bathymodiolus thermophilus. --- Bathymodiolus. --- Bioluminescence. --- Boiling. --- Brine pool. --- Cambrian explosion. --- Chemical industry. --- Chemosynthesis. --- Convection cell. --- Convection. --- Coral reef. --- Cryogenics. --- Cytosol. --- Deep sea fish. --- Deep sea. --- Dialysis tubing. --- Dike (geology). --- East Pacific Rise. --- Efflux (microbiology). --- Electric field. --- Exoskeleton. --- Fatty acid. --- Fault (geology). --- Gastropoda. --- Geochemistry. --- Geothermal energy. --- Glycoside hydrolase. --- Gravitational wave. --- Heat transfer. --- Hydrate. --- Hydrocarbon. --- Hydrogeology. --- Hydrolysis. --- Hydrostatics. --- Hydrothermal circulation. --- Hydrothermal vent. --- In the Water. --- Invertebrate. --- Larva. --- Lava tube. --- Lava. --- Magma chamber. --- Magnetic anomaly. --- Mantle convection. --- Marine biology. --- Marine mammal. --- Marine vertebrate. --- Mendocino Fracture Zone. --- Methane (data page). --- Methane. --- Methanopyrus. --- Microorganism. --- Mid-Atlantic Ridge. --- Mid-ocean ridge. --- Mineralization (biology). --- Mineralization (geology). --- Mussel. --- Nuclear submarine. --- Ocean Drilling Program. --- Ocean acidification. --- Ocean chemistry. --- Oceanic crust. --- Oil field. --- Organism. --- Oxidizing agent. --- Pacific Ocean. --- Permeability (earth sciences). --- Petroleum reservoir. --- Plasma (physics). --- Polychaete. --- Pressure gradient. --- Pyrolysis. --- Radioactive decay. --- Sea pen. --- Seabed. --- Seafloor spreading. --- Seamount. --- Seawater. --- Sediment. --- Seep (hydrology). --- Spawn (biology). --- Subduction. --- Submarine canyon. --- Submarine volcano. --- Submersible. --- Subsurface (software). --- Sulfide. --- Thermodynamic potential. --- Types of volcanic eruptions. --- Urey (crater). --- Volcano. --- Water column. --- Whale fall. --- Whaling. --- Zoology.

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Earthquake and Volcano Deformation is the first textbook to present the mechanical models of earthquake and volcanic processes, emphasizing earth-surface deformations that can be compared with observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, Interferometric Radar (InSAR), and borehole strain- and tiltmeters. Paul Segall provides the physical and mathematical fundamentals for the models used to interpret deformation measurements near active faults and volcanic centers.Segall highlights analytical methods of continuum mechanics applied to problems of active crustal deformation. Topics include elastic dislocation theory in homogeneous and layered half-spaces, crack models of faults and planar intrusions, elastic fields due to pressurized spherical and ellipsoidal magma chambers, time-dependent deformation resulting from faulting in an elastic layer overlying a viscoelastic half-space and related earthquake cycle models, poroelastic effects due to faulting and magma chamber inflation in a fluid-saturated crust, and the effects of gravity on deformation. He also explains changes in the gravitational field due to faulting and magmatic intrusion, effects of irregular surface topography and earth curvature, and modern concepts in rate- and state-dependent fault friction. This textbook presents sample calculations and compares model predictions against field data from seismic and volcanic settings from around the world.Earthquake and Volcano Deformation requires working knowledge of stress and strain, and advanced calculus. It is appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in geophysics, geology, and engineering. Professors: A supplementary Instructor's Manual is available for this book. It is restricted to teachers using the text in courses. For information on how to obtain a copy, refer to: http://press.princeton.edu/class_use/solutions.html

Rock deformation --- Strains and stresses --- Volcanism. --- Earthquakes. --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Mathematical models. --- Volcanism --- Earthquakes --- Volcanisme --- Tremblements de terre --- Déformations (Mécanique) --- Mathematical models --- Deformations (Mechanics). --- Rock deformation - Mathematical models. --- Rock deformation -- Mathematical models. --- Strains and stresses - Mathematical models. --- Strains and stresses -- Mathematical models. --- Volcanicity --- Vulcanism --- Stresses and strains --- Elastic solids --- Mechanics --- Rheology --- Structural failures --- Quakes (Earthquakes) --- Earth movements --- Natural disasters --- Seismology --- Geodynamics --- Volcanology --- Architectural engineering --- Engineering, Architectural --- Architecture --- Flexure --- Statics --- Structural analysis (Engineering) --- Elasticity --- Engineering design --- Graphic statics --- Strength of materials --- Stress waves --- Structural design --- Deformation, Rock --- Geology, Structural --- Rock deformation - Mathematical models --- Strains and stresses - Mathematical models --- 1906 San Francisco earthquake. --- 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. --- 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. --- 1992 Landers earthquake. --- 1999 Hector Mine earthquake. --- Active fault. --- Atmospheric refraction. --- Cauchy stress tensor. --- Compressive stress. --- Continental collision. --- Continuum mechanics. --- Crust (geology). --- Deformation (engineering). --- Deformation (mechanics). --- Deformation monitoring. --- Dike (geology). --- Dislocation. --- Displacement field (mechanics). --- Earthquake prediction. --- Earthquake rupture. --- Earthquake swarm. --- Elasticity (physics). --- Explosive eruption. --- Fault (geology). --- Fault friction. --- Figure of the Earth. --- Fracture mechanics. --- Fracture toughness. --- Fracture zone. --- Fracture. --- Friction. --- Geodetic datum. --- Geologic time scale. --- Geothermal gradient. --- Gravitational acceleration. --- Gravitational potential. --- Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment. --- Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. --- Infinitesimal strain theory. --- Intraplate earthquake. --- Lava dome. --- Lava lake. --- Lava. --- Long Valley Caldera. --- Magma chamber. --- Magnetic anomaly. --- Melting point. --- Mount St. Helens. --- Nucleation. --- Orogeny. --- Oscillation. --- Parkfield earthquake. --- Plane stress. --- Plate tectonics. --- Porosity. --- Pressure gradient. --- Radiation stress. --- Resurgent dome. --- Rift zone. --- Rock (geology). --- Rock mechanics. --- San Andreas Fault. --- Seafloor spreading. --- Seismic gap. --- Seismic hazard. --- Seismic moment. --- Seismic risk. --- Seismic tomography. --- Seismic wave. --- Seismology. --- Shear modulus. --- Shear stress. --- Shear zone. --- Shearing (physics). --- Shield volcano. --- Strain energy. --- Strain rate. --- Stratovolcano. --- Stress concentration. --- Stress functions. --- Stress intensity factor. --- Subduction. --- Subsidence. --- Surface energy. --- Surface gravity. --- Surface stress. --- Tectonophysics. --- Tension (physics). --- Thermal expansion. --- Thrust fault. --- Traction (engineering). --- Transform fault. --- Types of volcanic eruptions. --- Vibration. --- Viscoelasticity. --- Volcanic hazards. --- Volcanic pipe. --- Volcano. --- Wavenumber. --- Yield (engineering).